Tuesday, October 28, 2008
Happy Bijya Dashami, Dipawali & Tihar:
I would like to wish all of you Happy Bijya Dashami, Dipawali & Tihar.
Tuesday, September 02, 2008
Monday, September 01, 2008
Friday, June 13, 2008
Manufacturing System Design Proposed Framework:
I had prepared my M.Sc. Dissertation's Framework based on Manufacturing System Design "Human Performance in Manufacturing Systems: Utilising manufacturing system design for competitiveness in changing environments". My M.Sc. Award-leader Dr. Paul Head was my Supervisor. He later asked me to chage bit my proposal then I prepared my Dissertation on "Human Performance in Manufacturing Systems: Multi method approach to understand human performance for competitiveness in sociotechnical manufacturing system design".
Monday, May 05, 2008
Sunday, April 20, 2008
IP address , computer detail and ISP
Wednesday, March 12, 2008
Manufacturing System Design That Enhance By Taking Account Of Distributed Cognition:
Human behaviour and capabilities are key elements in an organisation in which an individual or group work. Performance of an individual worker makes a vital contribution to the overall effectiveness of the system however the productivity of an individual worker is affected both by his/her surrounding working environments. Particularly there is a weakness when we consider the human part in manufacturing system design such as the 'direct' workers who are devoted to mainly manual routines such as product assembly. Most of the worker behaviour is influenced by various aspects of the surrounding environment: physical factors (Noise level, Air- temperature, Light level, Humidity, Vantilasation), organisational factors (Shift Patterns, Work terms, Maintenance, Training, Hierarchical structure, Diversity, Job rotation, Communication, Organisational Culture) and more perceptive, by individual/sociocultural factors (General intelligence, Skills factor, work-related attitudes, Extroversion, beliefs, values, IQ, Work ethic, Job satisfaction, Goals, Neuroticism, Locus of control, Openness, Organisational, Age, Commitment, Gender, Job satisfaction) within the system and factors relating to him/her, such as personality, physiology and so on at the same time. Certainly, these people oriented issues will have an effect on the performance of a manufacturing system and if we do not considered and resolved at the strategic design stage they may be difficult and expensive to correct once a factory is operational.
Human performance is moving towards the concept of “human behaviour”. Human behaviour is defined as “consistent lines of activity” (Becker, 1960). A successful manufacturing organisation is always involved with the design and re-designs. The exact form of the stages in such a process may be different between organisations. There is always a point arise when evaluation takes place to see whether a proposed system design is likely to fulfil expectations or not. In this system, a single design engineer/system design is responsible for the manufacturing system. Changing the role of an engineer from a manual controller to a supervisory controller is a great change in the current manufacturing system and it requires human factors research in future as well. In order to ensure human performance and to integrate new technologies necessary for this future manufacturing system design environment, it is understood that human factors must be involved from the beginning and throughout the development of new technologies, policies and procedures (Braune, Jahns, and Bittner, 1996).
Siebeneicher (1987) stated his view that technology alone will not improve a company’s efficiency; it starts with management and people. Education and training are vital to successful implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies. Mize (1987) noted that management must recognise the critical nature of proper training and education. Technology is advancing very rapidly in the manufacturing field that continuing education and training become very necessary in this field. Chang (1989) stated that an organisation can never realise such a change by simply hiring engineers and technicians with new technical expertise from outside. A long-term educational and training program should be designed and implemented to train the employees so that restructuring of the human resource for jobs requiring advanced technical expertise can be made possible. Good education and training programs enable employees to have confidence in performing the new jobs and bring them job satisfaction. It is understood that human factors must be involved from the beginning and throughout the development of new technologies, policies and procedures (Braune, Jahns, and Bittner, 1996).
Human performance is moving towards the concept of “human behaviour”. Human behaviour is defined as “consistent lines of activity” (Becker, 1960). A successful manufacturing organisation is always involved with the design and re-designs. The exact form of the stages in such a process may be different between organisations. There is always a point arise when evaluation takes place to see whether a proposed system design is likely to fulfil expectations or not. In this system, a single design engineer/system design is responsible for the manufacturing system. Changing the role of an engineer from a manual controller to a supervisory controller is a great change in the current manufacturing system and it requires human factors research in future as well. In order to ensure human performance and to integrate new technologies necessary for this future manufacturing system design environment, it is understood that human factors must be involved from the beginning and throughout the development of new technologies, policies and procedures (Braune, Jahns, and Bittner, 1996).
Siebeneicher (1987) stated his view that technology alone will not improve a company’s efficiency; it starts with management and people. Education and training are vital to successful implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies. Mize (1987) noted that management must recognise the critical nature of proper training and education. Technology is advancing very rapidly in the manufacturing field that continuing education and training become very necessary in this field. Chang (1989) stated that an organisation can never realise such a change by simply hiring engineers and technicians with new technical expertise from outside. A long-term educational and training program should be designed and implemented to train the employees so that restructuring of the human resource for jobs requiring advanced technical expertise can be made possible. Good education and training programs enable employees to have confidence in performing the new jobs and bring them job satisfaction. It is understood that human factors must be involved from the beginning and throughout the development of new technologies, policies and procedures (Braune, Jahns, and Bittner, 1996).
Tuesday, February 19, 2008
Identify Systematic Approach To Design Effective Manufacturing System Design:
This century has witnessed that the human performance in manufacturing system design in a way that was never imagined, even a few decades ago. Our civilization has migrated from a purely industrial society to global business age in which the movement of bits is an important to the economy as the manufacturing of goods.
In last few decades, manufacturing used to known as just a simple business. A plant’s operating goals were clear: Maximize profits by running a single product for as long as possible and then change over lines and run the next product for as long as possible. A famous phrase was pointed by Henry Ford that in customers’ point of view that they could have any product, in any colour …... as long as they wanted the product that was in stock and the colour they preferred was black.
In the prospect of today’s development process, Most of the manufacturing organisations invest their money on computer based simulation to improve their manufacturing performance however the performance evaluation based on combination of human judgement, bargaining and analysis. Despite of all the developments in the different sectors such as social sciences and Information technology with in the company, it is still ill-equipped to understand the effects of the relationships between the people, environment and performance within the company.
People behave differently in differently situations.
Cognitive engineering would be considerably find easier if we had a principled answer to distributed cognition in manufacturing systems design. Designers could then consult the book of cognitive and interactive principles and, like civil engineers who build bridges, they could creatively apply principles to build environments that make life easier. At present, no such book exists and it depends on our understanding a collection of issues broadly related to interaction and distributed cognition which we are just beginning to appreciate.
In last few decades, manufacturing used to known as just a simple business. A plant’s operating goals were clear: Maximize profits by running a single product for as long as possible and then change over lines and run the next product for as long as possible. A famous phrase was pointed by Henry Ford that in customers’ point of view that they could have any product, in any colour …... as long as they wanted the product that was in stock and the colour they preferred was black.
In the prospect of today’s development process, Most of the manufacturing organisations invest their money on computer based simulation to improve their manufacturing performance however the performance evaluation based on combination of human judgement, bargaining and analysis. Despite of all the developments in the different sectors such as social sciences and Information technology with in the company, it is still ill-equipped to understand the effects of the relationships between the people, environment and performance within the company.
People behave differently in differently situations.
Cognitive engineering would be considerably find easier if we had a principled answer to distributed cognition in manufacturing systems design. Designers could then consult the book of cognitive and interactive principles and, like civil engineers who build bridges, they could creatively apply principles to build environments that make life easier. At present, no such book exists and it depends on our understanding a collection of issues broadly related to interaction and distributed cognition which we are just beginning to appreciate.
Tuesday, January 15, 2008
Literature based Research:
The literature based on research methods covering research in the scientific management, manufacturing and social science research are heavily dependent on the knowledge of the researcher. This research is heavily dependent on people so that a social science that makes the studies based towards an approach to the behavioural studies. This type of studies is more qualitative nature than a quantitative. Qualitative research and methods have the distinguished feature of unknown possible solutions and results (Gunnarsson, 2002). Gunnarsson (2002) also states his view on qualitative approach advantage that the qualitative approach considers the entirety in a way not possible in quantitative research. On the other hand quantitative method approach gives an objective measurement of the probability of the truth of the result. Qualitative research methods often contain for example, interviews and observations and it is possible that the researcher has to change methods during the project during its implementation (Gunnarsson, 2002).
This dissertation is based on phenomenological paradigm results from a qualitative approach. Phenomenological paradigm assumes that social reality is in our minds; a reaction to the positivistic paradigm. Therefore, the act of investigating reality has an effect on that reality and considerable regard is paid to the subjective state of the individual (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). Identify multi method approach to design effective manufacturing system that enhance by taking account of human behaviour factors research depends on the knowledge of researcher. Gunnarsson (1991) separates the researcher’s knowledge into understanding and preunderstanding. Preunderstanding represents the knowledge insight and experience before taking part in a research project. It also refers a certain attitude and a commitment on the part of researcher’s personal experience as an essential element in the process of collecting and analysing data. Gunnarsson (1991) also emphasizes that the researcher should have solid base of preunderstanding however not to be its slave. This concept refers that researcher, should have open attitude and if needed, should change the point of view and review the knowledge base that forms the preunderstanding and also aware of paradigm, selective perception and his/her defence mechanisms. Understanding represents to the knowledge which develops during the assignments and program. It is also depended on preunderstanding since the experience and involvement that leads to understanding. As stated earlier, it can make clear that researcher who achieves understanding becomes preunderstanding into the next phase of research project.
Preunderstanding and understanding are based on the experience of others which is gained for oneself through literature, discussion, involvement and other sources. Chalmers (1995) draws attention that observations are dependent upon the theoretical knowledge of the observer and therefore it is very important to have the correct theoretical background before conducting empirical research. Jorgensen (1992) states by combining a practical and theory based approach.
The research presented in this dissertation is aiming at the theoretical and literature based of results. Theoretical research represents the development of new concepts depends upon scientific knowledge. These new results of knowledge can be used for practical diligence. These learning outcomes represent a higher intellectual level than understanding and diligence because it requires an understanding of both the content and structure. Jorgensen (1992) describes the process of research as an ongoing iterative process of analysis and synthesis in these areas.
Synthesis relates to the ability to bring different parts together to form a new whole. This may involve a set of abstract relations in human behaviour and performance. These learning outcomes in this range emphasis creative behaviour express precisely new patterns and structures. Gummesson (1991) refers five types of preunderstanding based on knowledge and personal characteristic which are necessary in order to fully understand process in organisation which are as follows:
· Knowledge of theories;
· Knowledge of techniques;
· Knowledge of institutional conditions;
· An understanding of social patterns;
· Personal attributes;
Effective research is not disciplinary, interdisciplinary, or multidisciplinary; it is transdisciplinary (Ackoff, 1999). In the process of development of understanding to result in correct, a number of issues relevant to management science, physiology and scientific issues of more practical nature, related to the conducted research and discussed together with scientifically sound research have been taken into account and dealt with.
This dissertation is based on phenomenological paradigm results from a qualitative approach. Phenomenological paradigm assumes that social reality is in our minds; a reaction to the positivistic paradigm. Therefore, the act of investigating reality has an effect on that reality and considerable regard is paid to the subjective state of the individual (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). Identify multi method approach to design effective manufacturing system that enhance by taking account of human behaviour factors research depends on the knowledge of researcher. Gunnarsson (1991) separates the researcher’s knowledge into understanding and preunderstanding. Preunderstanding represents the knowledge insight and experience before taking part in a research project. It also refers a certain attitude and a commitment on the part of researcher’s personal experience as an essential element in the process of collecting and analysing data. Gunnarsson (1991) also emphasizes that the researcher should have solid base of preunderstanding however not to be its slave. This concept refers that researcher, should have open attitude and if needed, should change the point of view and review the knowledge base that forms the preunderstanding and also aware of paradigm, selective perception and his/her defence mechanisms. Understanding represents to the knowledge which develops during the assignments and program. It is also depended on preunderstanding since the experience and involvement that leads to understanding. As stated earlier, it can make clear that researcher who achieves understanding becomes preunderstanding into the next phase of research project.
Preunderstanding and understanding are based on the experience of others which is gained for oneself through literature, discussion, involvement and other sources. Chalmers (1995) draws attention that observations are dependent upon the theoretical knowledge of the observer and therefore it is very important to have the correct theoretical background before conducting empirical research. Jorgensen (1992) states by combining a practical and theory based approach.
The research presented in this dissertation is aiming at the theoretical and literature based of results. Theoretical research represents the development of new concepts depends upon scientific knowledge. These new results of knowledge can be used for practical diligence. These learning outcomes represent a higher intellectual level than understanding and diligence because it requires an understanding of both the content and structure. Jorgensen (1992) describes the process of research as an ongoing iterative process of analysis and synthesis in these areas.
Synthesis relates to the ability to bring different parts together to form a new whole. This may involve a set of abstract relations in human behaviour and performance. These learning outcomes in this range emphasis creative behaviour express precisely new patterns and structures. Gummesson (1991) refers five types of preunderstanding based on knowledge and personal characteristic which are necessary in order to fully understand process in organisation which are as follows:
· Knowledge of theories;
· Knowledge of techniques;
· Knowledge of institutional conditions;
· An understanding of social patterns;
· Personal attributes;
Effective research is not disciplinary, interdisciplinary, or multidisciplinary; it is transdisciplinary (Ackoff, 1999). In the process of development of understanding to result in correct, a number of issues relevant to management science, physiology and scientific issues of more practical nature, related to the conducted research and discussed together with scientifically sound research have been taken into account and dealt with.
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